특 수 구 문

특 수 구 문


1.어법상,관용법상 도치
+-------------------------------------------+
| ① 의문문,기원문,감탄문 |
| ② There [Here] V + S |
| ③ Neither, Nor, So + V + S |
| ④ 가정법에서의 if 생략 |
| ⑤ as 양보구문 |
| ⑥ 직접화법에서 전달내용이 앞에 올 때 |
| ⑦ [ the + 비교급, the + 비교급] |
+-------------------------------------------+

1. Who are you ?
May you succeed !

2. There once lived a wise king.
Here is a white cat.
☞ 주어가 대명사 일 때 [S + V] : Here it is.

3. He is honest. So is she.
I am not rich, nor do I wish to be.
4. Were I a bird, I could fly to you.(= If I were a bird ∼ )

5. Rich as she was,she was not contented.
Woman as she is, she is strong.
Go where you will, I will follow you.

6. "I know nothing of it," said the man. (he said)
7. The higher we go up, the colder becomes the air.


2. 강조를 위한 도치

1. 부사,부사구의 도치
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1. 자동사일 경우 ⇒ [부사(구) + 자동사 + S] |
| 2. 타동사일 경우 ⇒ [부사(구) + do [does,did] + S + Root + O] |
| 3. 조동사일 경우 ⇒ [부사(구) + 조동사 + S + Root] |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+

1. Here and there stood beautiful flowers.
= Beautiful flowers stood here and there.
2. Only then did he realize it.
= He realized it only then.
3. Thus should you act and not otherwise.
= You should act thus and not otherwise.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| up |
| | down | ① do,does,did 를 안씀. |
| 부사 | away | 을 강조 ② 주어가 명사 : [부사 + 동사 + 명사주어] |
| | off | ③ 주어가 대명사 : [부사 + 대명사주어 + 동사]|
| | in | (그대로,정치) |
| out |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------------+

◇ Down fell the girl.
Down she fell.
◇ The man went off. → Off went the man.
◇ He went off. → Off he went.

+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
2. | 부정 어구가 문두에 나오는 도치 |
| never · little · hardly · scarcely · rarely 등 < 위 1항 참조> |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
Never in all my life have I heard such nonsense.
Little did I dream that I should never see her again.
Seldom is he in a bad mood.
Rarely did I see him nowadays.

3. 목적어의 도치
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ① [ O + S + V] (정치) |
| ② [ O + 조동사 ( do 동사) + S + V ] : 목적어가 부정어 포함할 때 |
| (도치) |
+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

Such a great man I have never seen before.
His promise you can rely on.

Not a single word did he say.
= He did not say a single word.

No thought did you give to my distress.
= You gave no thought to my distress.

4. 보어의 도치
+-----------------------------------------------+
| 보어의 뜻 강조, 주부가 너무 길때 도치 |∵문장 균형유지
| 1. 명사주어 [보어 + 불완전자동사 + S] |
| 2. 대명사 주어 [ C + S + V ] (정치) |
+-----------------------------------------------+
1. Long was the way for him.
Happy is the man who can say that he contents his life.
2. Very grateful they were for my offer.
cf) The higher we climb, the colder it becomes.


+------------+
| 강 조 (1) |
+------------+
+----------------------------------------+
| 1. It is + 강조어구 + that ∼ |
| 2. 동사의 강조 |
| 3. 재귀대명사의 강조 ; S,O, C 강조 |
| 4. 명사의 강조 [ the very + 명사] |
| 5. 동일 품사의 반복 |
| 6. 도치에 의한 강조 |
+----------------------------------------+

1 다음을 강조 구문으로 고치시오.(it ∼ that ∼ 사용)
I met her yesterday in the park.
=
=
=
=

2. do [ does,did ] + 동사 원형
I do hope you will succeed.

3. I met her herself.
He himself did it.
She is attention itself. (very attentive)
4. He is the very man that I have wanted to employ.
5. She walked and walked to meet her husband.
It rained for hours and hours and hours.

6. We don't know the value of health until we lose it.
⇒ Not until we lose it, do we know the value of health.
⇒ It is not until we lose it that we know the value of health.
= We know the value of health only after we lose it.

☞ not A until B 구문의 강조는 ① 부사절 도치 강조와
② it ∼ that 강조가 있는데 두 경우 다같이 not until이 함께 다닌다.
☞ not ∼ until [till] - - - [ - - - 하고나서야 비로소 ∼ 하다]


+-----------+
| 강 조 (2) |
+-----------+
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| 7. 의문문 강조 : on earth, in the world, at all, ever 등 (도대체) |
| 8. 부정문 강조 : at all, whatever,in the least - - (전혀 ∼ 않다) |
| 9. 조건문 강조 : at all ( 적어도,조금이나마) |
| 10. 최상급 강조 |
| 최상급 - ible |
| all + 명사 + |
| every - able |
| ☞ - ible,- able 로 끝나는 형용사가 [최상급][all][every]등을 강조 |
| 11. 삽입구에 의한 강조 ☞ 참조 P.101 |
| if any + 명사 : 가령 있다 할지라도, 얼마라도 있다면 |
| if ever + 동사 : 설사 - - 하는 일이 있다 하더라도, |
| 12. 수사의문문 ㄴ- - 라는 일이 있다 하면 |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

7. Why on earth do you look down on him ?
Who in the world are you ?
Do you know English at all ?

8. I don't know him at all.
I know nothing whatever about the matter.
I am not in the least afraid of dogs.

9. If you trust him at all, leave all to him.
10. The car was running at the highest speed possible.
11. There are very few, if any, mistakes.
He seldon, if ever, go there.
12. What is wealth without health ?

+---------------------------------------------------------------+
| ☞ little 이 know, dream, imagine,care,expect 등을 부정하면 |
| 강한 부정의 뜻[전혀 - - 못하다]이다. |
| Little did I dream of a letter coming from him. |
+---------------------------------------------------------------+


1. 반복을 피하기 위한 생략
+-------------------------------+
| ① 반복어구 생략 |
| ② 비교구문에서의 생략 |
| ③ 조동사 다음에서의 생략 |
| ④ 대부정사에 의한 생략 |
| ⑤ 앞 문장 전체 생략 |
+-------------------------------+
① Boys play baseball and girls (play) tennis.
② He likes you better than I (like you).
③ He hasn't been told, but I have (been told)
④ I don't know him,and don't want to (know him)
⑤ Will he come back ? - I think not.

2. 관용적 생략
+--------------------------------------------------------+
| ① 부사절에서의 의 생략 |
| : when,while,as,if,though등의 접속사 다음 |
| ② 접속사 that의 생략 : 목적절이나 보어절 이끌 때 |
| ③ 관계사 생략 |
| ④ 분사구문에서 being,having been 의 생략 |
| ⑤ 게시문,속담,격언, 인사말 등에서의 생략 |
| ⑥ 소유격 + 장소의 명사(store,shop,house,office)생략 |
| ⑦ 기타 관용어구 생략 |
+--------------------------------------------------------+
① When (he was) young, he was diligent.
② He said (that) he was feeling better.
③ This is the man (whom) I met in the park.
④ The duty (having been) done we went home.
⑤ No parking (is allowed).
⑥ at the dentist's (office)
at my uncle's (house)
⑦ What (do you think ) about going there ?


※ 동격 : 명사(상당어구)를 다른 명사(상당어구)와 나란히 두어서 하나가
다른 것을 설명하거나 보충하는 관계.

+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| 1.[(대)명사 = (대)명사]의 관계 |
| 2. [명사 = 부정사]의 관계 |
| 3. [명사 = of + (동)명사]의 관계 |
| 4. [명사 + 명사절]의 관계 |
| idea, news,fact,thought,doubt,question + that ∼ |
| 5. 기타 어구를 이용한 동격 |
| or, namely,that is (to say),in other words etc. |
+----------------------------------------------------------------+

1. We Koreans are known as a diligent people.
2. I have no wish to be rich.
3. He was born in the city of Seoul.
4. We cannot deny the fact that he is honest.
5. We have only one thing to fear - that is, fear itself.



+-------------------------------------------+
| 1. 주어 × (동사 + 동사) |
| 2. ( 동사 + 동사) × 보어 |
| 3. (동사 + 동사 + 동사) × 목적어 |
| 4. (동사 + 동사) × 수식어 |
+-------------------------------------------+

1. She gets up at six and goes to school at seven.
2. He seems, and is, clever.
3. I believed, believe, and will believe you.
4. I have lived but never will live in the big city.

※ 문중에서 필자의 생각이나 감정을 설명하기 위해 문장중에 어·구·절 등을
독립적으로 덧붙이는 경우를 말한다.

1. 주절해당절의 삽입 : (I think,it seems,I'm sure - - )
Tom, I believe , is ten years old.
He is ,it seems to me, a little more than thirty years old.
He is,I am sure, a fine gentleman.

2. 의문사·관계사가 있는 절 속에서의 삽입
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
| ⑴ 의문사 있는절 [의문사 + do you think [suppose,imagine,believe |
| guess 등] + S + V] 의 형식 |
| How old do you think I am ? |
| What do you suppose he is ? |
| ⑵ 관계사가 있는 절에서 :(comma 없이 사용) |
| He is a gentleman who I think is very honest. |
| Do what you believe is right. |
+---------------------------------------------------------------------+
3. 관용어구의 삽입
+-----------------------------------------+
| ⑴ as it were [so to speak] |
| to be sure [to be exact] |
| generally speaking |
| ⑵ if ever (+ V) :[ - - 한다 하더라도] |
| if any (+ N) :[있다면,있으면] |
| if at all [ 있다고 하더라도] |
| ⑶ That is(to say) :[즉, 다시말해] |
| say : [예컨대,글쎄] |
+-----------------------------------------+
⑴ You are,as it were, a grown-up baby.
My elder brother is, so to speak, a walking dictionary.
He came,to be exact, at ten.
⑵ My uncle seldom, if ever, comes to see me.
He has few, if any, faults.
He is little, if at all, better than a beggar.
⑶ I wish I could go there - that is (to say), to my hometown.
He has many, say a hundred, books.